Activities
The United Nations plays a large role in the field of global social activities. The UN actively encourages international human rights (see Universal Declaration of Human Rights). The United Nations has focused considerable attention on decolonisation and supporting the new states that have arisen as a result. The organisation occupies itself at present in the fields of economic development, world health, and the state of the environment, the health of animals, education, and refugee work.
Conferences
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When an issue is considered particularly important, the General Assembly may convene an international conference to focus global attention and build a consensus for consolidated action. Examples include: International Conference on Assistance to Refugees in Africa (ICARA 2) established in 1984; The UN Conference on Environment and Development (the 1992 Earth Summit) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil discussed issues including climate change, biological diversity, and sustainable development and led to the creation of the UN Commission on Sustainable Development; The International Conference on Population and Development, held in Cairo, Egypt, in 1994, approved a programme of action to address the critical challenges between population and sustainable development over the next 20 years; The Fourth World Conference on Women, held in Beijing, China in 1995, sought to accelerate implementation of the historic agreements reached at the Third World Conference on Women; The Second UN Conference on Human Settlements (Habitat II), convened in 1996 in Istanbul, Turkey, considered the challenges of human settlement development and management in the 21st century; and in 1998, the General Assembly called a conference to establish an International Criminal Court (ICC), where it adopted the “Rome Statue”. The ICC became operational in 2002 and began its first case in 2006.
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