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Science and Society (Questions and Answers)

Q.1: What is difference between ‘objective thinking’ and ‘prejudiced thinking’?
Ans: ‘Objective thinking means aim oriented thinking. Reasoning scientifically is objective way of thinking. The prejudiced thinking does not allow reasoning but it follows the personal beliefs.
Q.2: Explain what is meant by the ‘university’ of science and mathematics?
Ans: If we give adequate professional training in the same field, two scientists observing the same physical phenomena are likely to reach the same conclusion about them, no matter what their race, religion or political creed is. In the same their instrument will give same reading. This fact is called university of science and mathematics.
Q.3: With what meaning is ‘values’ used in the above passage?
Ans: In the above passage the word ‘values’ has been used in the sense of moral principles.
Q.4: Define ‘altruisms’?
Ans: ‘Altruism’ means unselfishness. A person who follows the principals of altruism thinks about the happiness and well being of other first.
Q.5: What is meant by ‘the humanities’?
Ans: ‘The humanities’ means classical and literary studies. The term is used to denote such subjects which promote humanistic and moral values.
Q.6: In what period does the writer appear to place the beginning of modern science?
Ans: The writer appears to place the beginning of modern science in the seventeenth century.
Q.7: In one sentence state what three features in writer’s opinion are the most important characteristics of modern science?
Ans: In writer’s opinion the most important characteristics of modern science are objective reasoning, the invention of scientific instrument and effective use of mathematics.
Q.8: The writers mentions four contributions made by science to the welfare of society. What are they?
Ans: The four contributions made by science to the welfare of society are as under:
i) It has added enormously to the interest and comfort of modern living.
ii) It has been trying hard to diminish the social evils of poverty and disease.
iii) It has invented various instruments for observation and measurement.
iv) It has given people a scientific out look.
Q.9: What is unusual about the construction of the last sentence in the last but one paragraph?
Ans: It does not carry the verb. The construction has been used to clinch the argument.
Q.10: The writer concludes by affirming that education should contain three elements. What are they?Ans: Three elements of good education according to writer are education of modern science knowledge of human beliefs and training in religion and history.

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