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Family Rutaceae and its Economic Importance

Plants are nearly shrubs or small trees cultivated for fruit.

Root: Tap, branched often infected with a fungus.

Stem: Erect, woody, branched, often thorny.

Leaves: Alternate, simple, more often pinmately compound.

Inflorescena: Flowers are borne in cymes.

Flower: Regular or sometimes slightly irregular, bisexual, 5 merous but multiplies of three and four, hypogynous with large cushion like disc below the ovary.

Calyx: Sepals five or four, free or united, bell shaped or even absent.

Corolla: Petals 4-5 free, rarely connate, valuate or imbricate inferior.

Androecium: Stamens 10 or 8 or less or sometimes indefinite attached to the disc, free, opposite, petals may be united into groups (poly adelhons); another two called, introse inferior.

Gynoecium: Carpels generally 3 to 5 polycarpellary syncarpous, rarely 3 or 4; ovary superior placed on disc, 4-5 called; axile placentation, ovules usually two in each laculus; style erect, stigma capitate, sticky Fruit variable, a capsule, drupe or berry. Seeds many, endospermic or non-endospermic.

Floral formula:

+ ♀, K(5), C4-5, A10-, G(5-)

FLORAL DIAGRAM: FIG 94 PAGE 135 ANGIOSPERMS BY G. L. CHOPRA FIG 93 PAGE 134 ANGIOSPERMS BY G. L. CHOPRA

e.g.: Citrus aurantium (orange) citrus media (lemon).

ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE:

(1) Fruit of orange, lemon and grape is important for use.

(2) Most plants are of medicinal value on account of vitamins.

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